THE BEGINNING

During the early years of the National Federation of Music Clubs, membership was comprised of Music Clubs throughout the country who joined that organization. As time went on, it became clear there was need for the clubs to be more closely associated, so clubs in various states formed state federations and were represented on the National Board by their (respective) state presidents.

In 1914, the Minneapolis Journal sent Miss Edna F. Hall to the National Federation of Music Clubs National Conference. Mrs. Harry W. Jones, past president of Thursday Musical, attended the conference with Miss Hall. Mrs. Harry W. Jones was elected the first Minnesota representative to the National Federation of Music Clubs.

The the organizational meeting of the Minnesota Federation of Music Clubs was held on April 14, 1921, in Minneapolis.

Organized: April 14, 1921 - Minneapolis

Present at Organization Meeting:

• Mrs. Peter Rodange – Litchfield
• Mrs. Wm. MacPhail – Minneapolis, Dr. James Davis – Minneapolis
• Mr. Stanley Avery – Minneapolis
• Mrs. Thompson – Minneapolis
• Miss Edna Hall – Minneapolis
• Mrs. Warner Briggs – Minneapolis
• Mrs. L.C. Jefferson – St. Paul
• Miss Cordelia Mansfield – Mankato
• Mrs. Barnes – Alexandria
• Mrs. Hattie Smith Fuller – Albert Lea
• Mrs. Walter Walbridge – Hastings
• Mrs. Geo. Hanson – New York City

Officers Elected:

• President: Mrs. Peter Rodange – Litchfield
• 1st Vice-President: Mrs. Wm MacPhail – Minneapolis
• 2nd Vice-President : Mrs. Warren Briggs – Minneapolis
• 3rd Vice-President: Mrs. Ernest Paacken – Duluth
• Treasurer: Mrs. Hattie Smith Fuller – Albert Lea
• Recording Secretary: Mrs. Walter Walbridge – Hastings
• Auditor: Mrs. L.C. Jefferson – St. Paul
• Historian: Miss Edna Hall – Minneapolis

Charter Clubs:

• Beethoven Club – Albert Lea
• Matinee Musicale – Duluth
• Musical Art Society – Fairbault
• Beethoven Club – Hastings
• Litchfield Music Club - Litchfield
• Schubert Club – St. Paul

MEETINGS AND CONVENTIONS 1923 — 1933

1923 – 1st State Convention – St. Paul

1924 – National Music Week Organized – M. F. Music Cooperated

1925 – Junior Department Created – Mrs. Walter Walbridge, Chairman

1926 – 2nd State Convention - Minneapolis

• 4 Junior Clubs – 115 members. Constitution and By-Laws presented for consideration

1926-1934 - NW Musical Herald – Official Publication for MFMC & MMTA

1928 – 3rd State Convention – Minneapolis

• Artist Bureau started

1929 – 4th Annual State Convention – Minneapolis

• First Junior Contest held

1930 – 5th Annual State Convention – Minneapolis

1931 – 6th Annual State Convention – Duluth

• Revised By-Laws accepted
• Young Artist State & District Winners:
  • Florence Ostergren – Pianist
  • Wendell Johnson – Baritone (both from Duluth)

1932 – 7th Annual State Convention – St. Paul – St. Paul -
Orpheus Club Hostess

1933 – 18TH NATIONAL FEDERATION OF MUSIC CLUBS HELD IN MINNEAPOLIS

1934-1943

1934 - 8th Annual State Convention – Minneapolis

1935 – 9th Annual State Convention – St. Paul –
Schubert Club of St. Paul Hostess

• Club Directory of the clubs mimeographed and a copy sent to each club.
• Young Artist State and District Winner: Ruth Pough, Contralto (Minneapolis)

1936 – 10th Annual State Convention – Duluth

• First Minnesota Composers Round-table held May 21, Duluth
• First selected composition submitted to the Minnesota Composers committee was played by the Duluth Symphony. Paul LeMay conducting Duluth Symphony joined Minnesota Federation at the convention. Duluth Symphony agrees to play wining orchestral composition of Minnesota each year.

1937 – 11th Annual State Convention – Minneapolis

• Monthly radio broadcasts were given by members of the Minnesota Federation through the courtesy of WCCO

1938 – 12th Annual State Convention – Fergus Falls – Schumann Club Hostess

• Singing Legionettes

1939 – 13th Annual State Convention – St. Paul –
Schubert Club Hostess

1940 – 14th Annual State Convention – Virginia –
Mu Epsilon Chapter, Virginia Hostess

1941 – 15th Annual State Convention – Minneapolis

1942 – 16th Annual State Convention – Minneapolis

1943 – 17th Annual State Convention – Duluth, May 13-14

• Many phonographs and records collected and sent to outlying posts and placed on troop ships
• MFMC contributed $368.00 to National War Service Fund
• Wednesday Musicale of Virginia raised largest single amount for both the Founders Day fund and the War Service Fund

1944 — 1953

1944 – 18th Annual State Convention – Minneapolis

• Richard Adams, Minneapolis, won Stillman Kelly Scholarship
• $125.00 given for a hospital kit
• $100.00 - Red Cross Camp & Hospital Council
• $375.00 raised for the War Service Fund

1945 – No State Convention because of travel restrictions

• Student Audition Winners:
  • Jarpe Johnson – Contralto – Minneapolis – State Winner
  • Eva Jean Pettes – Minneapolis – 11th District Winner

1946 – 19th Annual State Convention – SILVER ANNIVERSARY – Minneapolis

• State Bulletin, the official publication of the MFMC, published twice a year - O. H. Peterson, Virginia, Editor.

1947 – 20th Annual State Convention – Fergus Falls

• Celebrated Schuman Club’s Golden Anniversary
• Past Presidents Assembly inaugurated for Minnesota
• State Board voted September 27, to contribute $50.00 to Ethelwynne Kingsbury Memorial Scholarship
• Student Audition Winners:
  • Bette Fuller – Piano – Moorhead
  • State Winner, Gloria Burkhart - Violin – Minneapolis
  • State & District Winner, Jeanne Bartl – Coloratura Soprano
  • State & District Winner, Paul Lavalle – Scholarship
  • Adyline Johnson – Coloratura Soprano – Minneapolis – Superior Rating.
• Provided record album cabinet, records, electric phonograph for State Veterans Hospital.
• It was moved that all reports must by typewritten

1948 – 21st Annual State Convention – Virginia

• Paul Lavalle Scholarship – State Winner:
  • Pauline Seim – Contralto – St. Olaf College

1949 – 22nd Annual State Convention – Minneapolis

• Donna Pegors – Dramatic Soprano – State & District Winner – Young Artist Winner – National Finalist
• Student Auditions:
• Wayne Peterson – Piano – State & District Winner
• Beverly Hanson – Voice – State & District Winner
• 50th Anniversary – Duluth Matinee Musicale

1950 – 23rd Annual State Convention – Duluth

• Earl George – U of MN - Composer declared winner of $500.00 National Federation of Music Clubs prize for Orchestral Composition – Winning work was titled Missa Brevis.
• Musical Package Project – packages which contain repair parts and accessories for all instruments in a symphony orchestra and packages which contain simple instruments for the use of school and youth groups plus books of instructions.
• Kingsbury Memorial Fund reached $900.00

1951 – 24th Annual State Convention – Moorhead

• Dr. Francis Densmore was made an honorary member of the State Federation.
• Kathryn Simpson, Red Wing, received the Stillman Kelly Jr. Scholarship
• Student audition:
  • Beverly Deutsch – Virginia - State & District Winner and Pennsylvania Opera Workshop Scholarship
  • Ray Ann Pfluger – Red Wing – Piano – State Winner
• Young Artist:
  • Donna Pegon – Dramatic Soprano – Minneapolis – State, District, & National Finalist
  • Rischard Zgodava – Piano – State, District & National Finalist - Winner

1952 – NATIONAL BOARD MEETING HELD IN DULUTH

1952 – 25th Annual State Convention – Minneapolis (last Annual State Convention)

• Ronald Knudson won Peabody Conservatory Scholarship
• 1953 – Student Auditions:
  • State winners: Rosemary Becker – Piano – St. Paul
  • Mary Alspach – Cellist - Duluth

1954 — 1963

1954 – 26th State Convention (1st Biennial) – Hibbing

• 1955 – Michon de Villier – Violin – Austin – State Stillman Kelly Award.
• Young Artist - State, District & National Finalists
  • Donna Pegors – Dramatic Soprano – Minneapolis
  • Richard Adams – Violin – Minneapolis – State Winner
• Student Auditions - State winner:
  • Kathryn Simpson – Red Wing – Piano

1956 – 27th State Convention (2nd Biennial) – Alexandria

• Revised Constitution and By Laws – submitted and approved

1957 –

• Student Auditions State Winners:
  • Sharon Croskrey – Soprano – St. Peter
  • Kenneth Peterson – Baritone – St. Olaf College — (both Sharon and Kenneth received Ethelwynn Kingbury Award
  • Marie Morrisey Keith – Soprano – State Winner
  • Joanne Soehl – Dramatic Soprano – Minneapolis
• Works of four Minnesota composers — Celius Dougherty, Ruth Taylor Magney, Earl George, and F. Melius Christiansen — were presented at the National Biennial in Columbus, Ohio
• A strong Crusade for Strings was inaugurated in Minneapolis with the organization of the Twin City Philharmonic Society, a Youth Orchestra and a Junior Orchestra.

1958 – 28th State Convention (3rd Biennial) - Minneapolis

• Published a catalog of available published works and manuscripts of Minnesota Composers
• 1100 senior Members, 400 junior members
• Performers: Temple of Aaron Choir, Messiah Lutheran Choir, St. Catherine’s Choral Club, Elaine Meltz & Marvin Bienstock - Folk Music, Richard Zgodava, National Young Artist Winner

1959 –

• Five music groups welcomed into Federation.

1960 – 29th State Convention (4th Biennial) – Duluth

• Mrs. Chas. Pardee, guest – Vice President Central Region. Performers: Mrs. Robert. Couture, Duluth Light Opera Company

1961 –

• National Convention held in Kansas City, Mo. — MN, ND, SD, NE were hostess groups dressed in Scandinavian costumes.

1962 – 30th State Convention (5th Biennial) - Moorhead

• Mrs. Bullock, National President, honored guest

1963 –

• State Board plans for Sixth Biennial Convention.

1964 — 1973

1964 – 31st State Convention (6th Biennial) – Minneapolis

1965 –

• State Board extended invitation to National Board and Council of District and State Presidents to hold their fall meeting in Minneapolis.

1966 – 32nd State Convention (7th Biennial) – Duluth

1967 –

• Regional meetings
• Minnesota had a winner in Oratorio in National Young Artists Auditions in New York.

1968 – 33rd State Convention (8th Biennial) - Fergus Falls

1970 – 34th State Convention (9th Biennial) - Minneapolis – May 7, 8, 9

• MFMC’s Bulletin 25th Anniversary.

1972 – 35th State Convention (10th Biennial) – Duluth, May 6

1974-1983

1974 – 36th State Convention (11th Biennial) – Alexandria – Euterpean Club, host – May 3-4

• Performer: Robert C. Bergman – singer from Glenwood.
• Speaker: Mr. Robert Iverson, Alexandria Area Arts Association

1976 – 37th State Convention (12th Biennial) – Willmar - Willmar Musicale, host – May 7-8

• Performers:
  • Mary Molenar, piano
  • String Trio — Sally Aaronson, Ruth Polta, Selma Lawton
  • The Fresh Approach - barbershop - The Fifth Season

1977-

• State held regional meetings: Arrowhead, Central and Southern, Western.
• Fundraiser: “Dustikins” Musical and Motif napkins.

1978 – 38th State Convention (13th Biennial) – Hibbing – Hibbing Musicale, host – May 5-6

• Speaker: Mrs. Frank Vought, President-National Federation of Music Clubs.
• Performer: Peter Zazofsky, violinist, Young Artist Winner.

1980 – 39th State Convention (14th Biennial) – Mankato – Mankato Music Club, host – May 2-3

1982 – 40th State Convention (15th Biennial) – Alexandria – Euterpean Club, host – April 22-24

1983-

• Board members: Lois Steinbach, Doris Malm, Jane Jensen, Julie Gale, Betty Olson, Mickey Jax, Hildur Ekman, Annette Radtke, Marjorie Jenkins, Gloria Lien

1984 — 1993

1984 – 41st State Convention (16th Biennial) – Minneapolis – Tuesday Music Club, Mu Phi Epsilon, Willmar Musicale, host – May 3, 4, 5

• Mrs. Dwight D Robinson, National President
• David Wehr, Young Artist
• Panel MFMC Composers – Virginia Kendrick, Mrs. Wakefield, Mrs. Tillman, Mesabi Musicale, Speaker – Lynn Freeman Olson
• Andahazy Ballet.

1985 -

• Minnesota National Student Audition Winner in Violin, Karen Lee
• 12 Festivals – 1236 entrants.
• Student Audition District Winners:
  • Catherine Ransom—Flute
  • Joanna Johnston—Women’s Voice
  • Karen Lee—Violin

1986 – 42nd State Convention (17th Biennial) – Willmar – Willmar Musicale, West Central — Keyboard Club, host – April 24-26

• Speaker: Virginia Allison, Chair National Council of State Presidents
• Performers: Karen Lee National winner
• Student Auditions:
  • Violin, Mary Beth Moenaar
  • Piano, Christopher Robin Johnson
  • Classical Guitar
• MN Women Composers:
  • Virginia Kendrick
  • Gloria Lien
  • Judy Sjerven

1987 –

• Festival participants – 2882
• Willmar Musicale awards:
  • Pat Vigil
  • Brian Gustafson
• Regional conventions held

1988 – 43rd State Convention (18th Biennial) – Hibbing – Hibbing Musicale, Hibbing Sharps and Flats, host – May 5 – 7

• Peace Gardens Scholarhip – Sheryl Rondoldt, Murdock
• Convention Guest speaker – Mary Prudie Brown, NFMC President
• Kitt Reuter-Foss, Mezzo-Soprano – NFMC Young Artist

1989- NATIONAL BOARD SESSION HELD IN MINNEAPOLIS

• Speaker Stephen Paulus
• Joanna Johnson – MN Northern Lights 1987 Young Artist, 1989
• Young Artist Winner:
  • Violin — Alexander Kerr/Virginina
• Peace Gardens Awards:
  • Kim Iverson - Alexandria
  • Heidi Hanson -Carlton
  • Nita Schonberg - Alexandria

1990 – 44th State Convention (19th Biennial) – Mankato – Mankato Music Club, host – May 11-12

• Guest Speaker – Barbara Irish NFMC Treasurer
• Performer: Andrew Cooperstock, 1989 Young Artist

1991-

• Sonja Broughton-Violin, Shoreview, national second place winner of Stillman Kelley Scholarship.
• Composition Winners:
  • Ashley Nichols-Hibbing
  • Jennifer Wattnem-Montevideo
  • Mark Benson-Willmar
  • Michael Svigel-Keewatin

1992 - 45th State Convention (20th Biennial) - Alexandria – hosted by Euterpean Club – May 16

1993 - No information

1994 — 2003

1994 - 46th State Convention (21st Biennial) – Richfield – May

• Guest Speaker: Barbara Irish, NFMC First Vice President
• Performer: Ann Kristine Johnson, Twin Cities
• Junior Composer winners:
  • Nicholas Moe-Alexandria
  • Angie Millner-St. Louis Park
  • Emily Reese-Willmar
  • Amanda Nelsen-Willmar
• International Music Camp Awards:
  • Beth Broberg, Megan Holm, Lindsay Smith, Anne Garris, Seth Handahl
• Euterpean Club of Alexandria’s 75th birthday

1996 – 47th State Convention (22nd Biennial) – Duluth –
April 12 & 13

1997 –

• Andrew Wilkowske, National Men’s Voice winner
• Junior Festival entrants: 4378
• Jessica Thompson-Plymouth-Wendell Irish Viola Award, Central Region

1998 – 48th State Convention (23rd Biennial) – Willmar – Willmar Musicale, West Central Keyboard Club, host –
April 24 & 25

• Student Audition Winners:
  • Edwin Aybar-Piano-Canby
  • Sarah Whiting-Strings-Cloquet
  • Andrea Bargabos-Voice-Duluth
  • Noelle Paulson-Woodwinds-Duluth
  • Megan Baumann- Organ-Marshall.
• Junior Festival entrants — 4512
• Alec Sweazy-Minnetonka-Central Region Joyce Walsh Junior Award for the Disabled
• MFMC Teachers’ Trust Scholarships: Dorothy Lutz, Judy Zylstra, Deirdre Mechelke, Jeannene Simonson, Anna Flesner, Susan Jacobson
• International Music Camp Awards:
  • Melanie Gaalswyk
  • Russell Bird

1999 -

• Aaron Hanson-Lake Crystal-Central Region Wendell Irish Viola Award Competition
• Festival entrants: 4865
• Student Audition Winners
  • Alina Lindquist-Women’s Voic
  • Cory Carlson-Maplewood-Man’s Voice
  • Amber Sorenson-Duluth-Woodwinds

2000 – 49th State Convention (24th Biennial) – Marshall –
May 5 & 6

• Tyler Sieh-Wendell Irish Viola Award Central Regio.
• Laura Cordes MN National Week Essay Contest
• Junior Composer winners:
  • Emily Blair-Savage
  • Carly Hultren-Raymond
  • Kevin Meyer-Grand Rapids
  • Kyle Puelston-Farmington.
• Junior Festival entrants: 5042
• State Student Audition 1st Place Winners:
  • Rebecca Erickson-Woodwinds
  • Angela Hertling-Organ
  • Stephanie Lu-Piano
  • Marcus McConico-Voice
  • Angela Peterson-Voice
  • Gete Wangensteen-Strings

2001 - International Music Camp Award: Nicholas Moe-Alexandria

2002 – 50th State Convention (25th Biennial) - Burnsville – Apple Valley MTA, Burnsville Area MTA, South Suburban MTA, host

• National Guest: Elizabeth Paris, First Vice President NFMC
• Performer: Carrie Kennedy, NFMC Young Artist Violin
• Junior Festival entrants: 5452
• Established MFMC web site: www.mfmc.net
• Alena Troyer-Litchfield-Scholarship for Challenged Students
• Teacher Trust Grant: Grace Cook-Norwood Young America

2004 — 2010 (more as it happens)

2004 - 51st State Convention (26th Biennial) – Grand Rapids - April 30 & May 1 - Hibbing Musicale, Grand Rapids, host

• Speaker: Odee Maier, NFMC Vice-President North Central Region
• Performer: Woodrow Bynum-NFMC Young Artist Winner Man’s Voice
• Festival Workshop-Jean Doty
• Student Audition Winners:
  • Jessica Callen-Minneota-Piano & Organ
  • Colyn Tvete- Willmar-Man’s Voice
  • Jennifer Piasecki-Women’s Voice

2005-

• Implemented Awards Chart – available on web site
• Jeffrey Kline-Adult Composers Virginia Kendrick Scholarship
• International Music Camp Award: Laura Towner
• Young Artist Piano Camp Scholarship:
  • Angela Current
  • Emily Larson.
• NFMC Biennial Student Audition Winners:
  • Nathan Herfindahl-Duluth-Man’s Voice
  • Alan Berg-Hibbing-Piano
  • Amy Hagensen-Duluth-Women’s Voice.
• MFMC Music Scholarship for challenged Students: Lucy Sirianni
• Junior Composers 1st place:
  • Rachael Chant-Lakeville
  • Kate Meyer-Grand Rapids
  • Jared Hoeft-Hutcinson
  • David Johnson-Grand Rapids

2006 – 52nd State Convention (27th Biennial) - St. Cloud – May 5&6 – Great River Music Club, host

• National Guest: Lana Bailey, NFMC First Vice President
• Performers: Christopher Atzinger Young Artist Piano
• Jeffrey Kline & Sonja Johnson-Virginia Kendrick Scholarship Winners: Wynn-Anne Rossi-composer
• Student Audition Winners:
  • Amy Hagensen-voice
  • Nathan Herfindahl-voice
  • Anna Bakk-violin
• National Music Week Essay Contest Winner: Krista Kalthoff

2006 – National Fall Session held in Minneapolis

• Participants: Garrison Keillor, Vern Sutton, Stephen Paulus, D Michels, Mindy Ratner, Pas de Duo, Medalist Concert Band, The Singers and more
• Tours: Urban Treasures, Sunday Drive, and Musical Adieu

2007 – 53rd State Convention (28th Biennial) – (switched from spring to summer convention rotation to boost attendance; held state meeting and Festival meeting at same event. Minneapolis – August 15 & 16 – Southwest Minneapolis Keyboard Club, host.

• National Guest: Carolyn Nelson, NFMC Vice President
• Mela Dailey-Young Artist Winner-Voice
• Sonja Johnston-Virginia Kendrick Scholarship Winner
• Tom Linker- Improvisation
• International Music Camp Awards:
  • Katie Evans-Prior Lake
  • Tia Lauve-Renville
• Featured Greek banquet meal

2008- State Meeting – Duluth Women’s Club, Duluth

2009- 54th State Biennial Convention - Alexandria –
August 12 & 13, 2009 – Central Lakes Music Club, host

• National Guest: Heidi Hong NFMC North Central Region Vice-President
• Performers/Activities: Christine Wolf, Toni &Lina, Rebecca Thoennes, Drums Alive
• Allison Buivid-regional and national women’s voice winner
• International Music Camp Awards:
  • Ariana Groen-Willmar
  • Michelle Bromschwig-Bloomington
• Junior Composer Institute Scholarships:
  • Kate Meyer-Grand Rapids
  • Christopher Neiner-Burnsville
  • Graeme Sheilds-Grand Rapids
• Officers elected: President Karen Erickson, Vice-President Pat Steege, Treasurer Nadine Berg, Secretary Mary Kaye Rabaey, Historian Cheryl Schmidt, National Board Representative Cora Barr

2010 - State meeting - Shoreview, MN

• International Music Camp Award attendees: Erin Grout, Taylor Reinke, Molly Jane Kampa
• Junior Composers Scholarships:
  • Brighid Niccum, Luke Gion, Joshua Rumppe, Cody Bursch
• Memorial donation to Junior Composers Institute in honor of Mary Prudie Brown, Past NFMC President
• Julia Gale Endowment Awards:
  • Nathan Knutson
  • Dr. Christopher Atzinger
• State Meeting – Marshall, MN: Pat Steege begins serving as MFMC State President
• 2010 Festival participants: Junior 5,307 and Adult 38
• Grand Cup winners: Julian Romero, Katie Henry, Cole Witter, Alexis Aakre

NATIONAL CONVENTIONS

MFMC hosted National Conventions:

• 1933 — National Convention in Minneapolis
• 1952 — National Board Meeting in Duluth
• 1966 — National Fall Session at Sheraton Ritz Hotel in Minneapolis
• 1989 — National Board of Directors at Hotel Sofitel in Minneapolis
• 2006 — National Fall Session, August 1-6, Hotel Sofitel in Minneapolis

MFMC STATE PRESIDENTS

• 1921-1926: Mrs. Peter Rodange, Litchfield
• 1926-1930: Mrs. Walter Walbridge, Hastings
• 1930-1934: Mrs. H. Carol Day, Albert Lea
• 1934-1938: Miss Carlotta Simmonds, Duluth
• 1938-1942: Mrs. Paul A. Weld, St. Paul
• 1942-1946: Miss Ethelwynne Kingsbury, Minneapolis
• 1946-1948: Mrs. Emil Ahola, Virginia
• 1948-1952: Mrs. O. R. Hamilton, Duluth
• 1952-1956: Mrs. Clarence O. Johnson, Minneapolis
• 1956-1960: Mrs. Phillip Eckman, Duluth
• 1960-1964: Mrs. Harvey Chapman, Minneapolis
• 1964-1966: Mrs. J. E. Janzen, Moorhead
• 1966-1970: Mrs. Walter Forney, Theif River Falls
• 1970-1974: Rose Zygmanski, Hibbing
• 1974-1978: Betty Olson, Hopkins
• 1978-1982: Muriel Penne, Mankato
• 1982-1986: Julie Gale, Minneapolis
• 1986-1990: Doris Malm, Alexandria
• 1990-1994: Mary Strasser, Hibbing
• 1994-2000: Gloria Lien, Willmar
• 2000-2004: Sheila Shusterich, Duluth
• 2004-2007: Cheryl Schmidt, Willmar
• 2007-2010: Karen Erickson, Alexandria
• 2010 to date: Pat Steege, Farmington

NEWSLETTER EDITORS

• 1946: O.H. Peterson, Hibbing
• 1950: Mrs. Philip Eckman, Duluth
• 1956-1960: Mrs. Clifford Hedman, Duluth
• 1960: Mrs. Philip Eckman, Duluth
• 1982-1990: Elda Lindquist, Alexandria
• 1991-2004: Walter and Mary Strasser, Hibbing
• 2004 to date: Louise Lundin (hired by MFMC)